The mechanism of microwave action includes both thermal and non thermal effects. This article introduces the application of microwave in textile pretreatment, dyeing, printing, and finishing
Later, it pointed out the applications of microwave technology in other fields and the prospects for its development.
Microwaves are electromagnetic waves with very short wavelengths, usually divided into microwave bands ranging from 0.1mm to 1m. Its frequency is 300~300000MHz. Mainly used in fields such as communication, radar navigation, broadcasting and television, the electromagnetic capability it possesses is called microwave energy. Currently, only 915MHz and 2450MHz are widely used in industrial production. Microwave radiation processing of various textile materials is receiving increasing attention from people. Especially in textile pre-treatment, dyeing, printing, and finishing processes, it shows great superiority.
Application of microwave technology in textile pretreatment
1.1 Degumming of hemp fibers
Using microwave irradiation to heat the fibers themselves can accelerate the dissolution of the gum and effectively improve the delamination effect. Hemp fibers such as hemp fiber
Mechanical, enzymatic, and chemical degumming methods are commonly used, and the results of using microwave treatment technology to degumm untreated hemp under alkaline conditions show that microwave treatment has a significant effect on fiber fineness and brightness. Increasing the microwave processing time will increase the fiber fineness and brightness.
1.2 Refinement of Silk Products
In order to maintain the unique style and beautiful luster of silk products, it is generally required to carry out moderate refinement and delamination. For strong twisted silk fabrics, their strong twisted weft yarns are difficult to refine. Usually, it is necessary to increase the amount of refining agent and conduct long-term refining at high temperatures. However, this can easily cause the untwisted warp threads to become undercooked, resulting in refining defects, and requires high-temperature operations with poor working conditions. If it is subjected to microwave treatment during refining, it only needs to be treated for a short period of time to generate heat inside the silk fibers and promote efficient fabric delamination. After washing with hot water, the purpose of refining can be achieved.
Application of Microwave Technology in Textile Dyeing
Microwave dyeing can be carried out using fabric or tow processing methods, which can not only be used for dyeing hydrophilic fibers, but also for dyeing hydrophobic fibers with the addition of appropriate additives. Dyes can be dispersed dyes, reactive dyes, direct dyes, cationic dyes, etc. When dyeing, the fabric is immersed in a conventional dyeing solution and then introduced into a closed microwave heating chamber (reaction box). Under the action of microwaves, the fabric rapidly heats up, which can accelerate the diffusion or fixation reaction of the dye in the fiber. The treatment after staining is the same as conventional methods.
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