The use of conductive yarns, as well as printing or integration methods to add electronic functions to textiles, can balance and enhance the comfort, protection, and aesthetics of textiles.
Unlike previous wearable technologies, smart textiles do not require PCBs or other bulky components as sensors and circuits are directly integrated into clothing or coatings. Introducing sensors into textiles in individual or array form opens up innovative space for sensor development in terms of materials and manufacturing methods.
In addition, repeated bending often leads to the formation of fine cracks in the metal coating and loss of power, but adding tannic acid to conductive textiles can improve the functionality and lifespan of tactile sensors.
Sweat sensor
South Korean researchers designed sensors to monitor sweat using elastic self-healing threads. Carbon fiber woven into self-healing polymer composite materials and attached to wearable accessories such as headbands
Prepared for precise measurement of potassium and sodium ions.
The California Institute of Technology has also designed a wearable sweat sensor that uses laser etched plastic sheets to form a 3D graphene structure with micropores, which can analyze cortisol in sweat as an indicator of pressure level.
Interactive interface of the overall environment
Smart materials can also be reflected in practical environments, such as the Spr ayableTech system, which can establish an interactive interface between room sized sensors and displays.
The Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) is developing functional ink spray guns that combine copper, dielectric, phosphorus, copper bars, and transparent conductive layers to achieve interactive sofas for controlling household appliances and personal electronic devices, as well as adjusting lighting and room temperature through walls.
Sensing fabric
The Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL) invented a fiber sensor that can simultaneously detect fabrics in deformation states such as stretching, compression, and twisting, and can be applied to uncommon materials
Materials, such as elastomers or liquid metals used as conductors.
The accuracy of smart clothing for measuring children's lung function through detecting chest and abdominal movements is comparable to traditional detection devices. Hexoskin uses an embedded textile based respiratory induction plethysmography (RIP) chest and abdominal sensors to monitor respiratory health, and uses a three-axis accelerometer to monitor daily and sleep activities. Combining artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning software can help assess the risk of home recovery for epidemic patients.
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